now time to finish assigment
for ain tq coz help me to send English
asingment at Bangi to k.mas...
and to my group thanks a lot
for your understanding and cooprate!!!!
Bon Boyage
Friday, February 29, 2008
hai good evening
assalamualaikum and salam sejahtera to everybody.
just want to say hapi holiday.
2day i go back my hometown Malacca.
so hep hep horeiiiiii.
c u next week.
Norain G74489
just want to say hapi holiday.
2day i go back my hometown Malacca.
so hep hep horeiiiiii.
c u next week.
Norain G74489
Thursday, February 28, 2008
Hai everybody..hope all of you will not in stress mood..even l feel that our assignments will make me feel like Hj. Anuar..sometime l also want to have a 'break'..but l try not to do that..routine work itself enough to make me busy..l belief all of you also feel the same..thanks kak Ani for giving us a very clear explanation about Hj. Anuar..he can manage his study actually..l believe that..or may be you can get 'sijil Dekan' for this sem...just prove it Hj!..you can do it..l'm really excited to know when our final examination is going to start?..that because of our dateline assignment is just 2 weeks before exam..l shall stop here and hope that all of us can be patient and happy always..nice to meet all of you again..and for Cik Mas..'There is comes a time in our life when we must take flight and try on our own wing'.
Nooryani G74482
Nooryani G74482
OOooo....
hai...
today i open blog and read k.ani explanation about
hj.anuar now i know.coz before this him sms for me
he want break this semester coz 'tak larat lagi' so i
think him have get 'kata putus'.
about this isue all of us not agrea and sad if hj.anuar want
break this sem. hope we can give 'semangat' for her
to continuos her study together our biomed class until
we get the degrea and convo together.
we must proud coz our group the only one senior in 1st batch
biomed course in FSKB
your sincerly.G74461
today i open blog and read k.ani explanation about
hj.anuar now i know.coz before this him sms for me
he want break this semester coz 'tak larat lagi' so i
think him have get 'kata putus'.
about this isue all of us not agrea and sad if hj.anuar want
break this sem. hope we can give 'semangat' for her
to continuos her study together our biomed class until
we get the degrea and convo together.
we must proud coz our group the only one senior in 1st batch
biomed course in FSKB
your sincerly.G74461
hai good day today.
Hi , asalamualaikum Cik Mas and all my colleague.
I know that everybody very busy with asgnmt, beside your daily work. So be patient, hopefully Allah swt will help and giving us strenghful mind to face any difficulties.
be a strong person and take the challenge to make our life berubah. " susah2 dahulu bersenang2 kemudian".
Allahuakbar
Sincerely,
Norain G74489
I know that everybody very busy with asgnmt, beside your daily work. So be patient, hopefully Allah swt will help and giving us strenghful mind to face any difficulties.
be a strong person and take the challenge to make our life berubah. " susah2 dahulu bersenang2 kemudian".
Allahuakbar
Sincerely,
Norain G74489
Wednesday, February 27, 2008
27 FEB - ON BEHALF OF...............
Hi, asalamualaikum & good night everyone
I see the issue about Hj Anuar who want to break the study still call for an answer. Let me answer the queruious on behalf of him coz he got problem to asses this blog. Actually, he will sit for the coming exam and continue the study unless he fail the exam then he wont continue the study. Untill now he still comitt with our group and giving a good cooperation in doing our assingment. Hope everyone no worried about it anymore. We pray for our success in flying colours Insyaallah.
Thank you, good night... have a good dreams
Kak Ani.
I see the issue about Hj Anuar who want to break the study still call for an answer. Let me answer the queruious on behalf of him coz he got problem to asses this blog. Actually, he will sit for the coming exam and continue the study unless he fail the exam then he wont continue the study. Untill now he still comitt with our group and giving a good cooperation in doing our assingment. Hope everyone no worried about it anymore. We pray for our success in flying colours Insyaallah.
Thank you, good night... have a good dreams
Kak Ani.
Is it true??????
Assalamualaikum and good evening....
When I open our blog today (after a few days)...wahhh so cheerful. But I'm also shock when heard about Hj. Anuar. Is it true Hj? I hope that it's not true and just a rumours. I know that you can go through all this. You are a good student and it was proved with your very good result at the 1st semester. I think all of us still remember that Hj Anuar was the only one who gave a good English presentation with his finger pointing at screen. As Hawa said...we have only 3 semester to finish and I also hope that all of us will graduate together.
May be all of us don't know what is your problem but I hope that you already 'istikharah' to make this hard decision. Insya Allah....Allah will show you the best way....
Wassalam
When I open our blog today (after a few days)...wahhh so cheerful. But I'm also shock when heard about Hj. Anuar. Is it true Hj? I hope that it's not true and just a rumours. I know that you can go through all this. You are a good student and it was proved with your very good result at the 1st semester. I think all of us still remember that Hj Anuar was the only one who gave a good English presentation with his finger pointing at screen. As Hawa said...we have only 3 semester to finish and I also hope that all of us will graduate together.
May be all of us don't know what is your problem but I hope that you already 'istikharah' to make this hard decision. Insya Allah....Allah will show you the best way....
Wassalam
Assalamualaikum...n salam sejahtera
It almost 3 days that I've never write anything in this blog even though I've visited everyday.Actually, sometime quiet difficult to think something to write up especially in 'English so that it become very stressfull to me.I hope my frens never think like that.Actually I've learned a lot from this blog which is very meaningful to everybody.
To my frens which had been posted the blog lately , I've already finished reading it.All have a very good ideas to share among us.
To En.Anuar is it true about the rumours which mentioned here before.I hope u just continue ur study becoz it almost only 3 sems to finished.I hope we all can be graduate and share very great moment together.Of course everybody have problems , but we still can manage everything till now right ?
To Haikal, very nice picture and info regarding 'HINDRAF protesters'.Now I know that you're very talented in 'photo taking'.All the pictures that u submitted here very clear n in a good angle
to see.
Oklah..i've to go to continue my lab work.C u all in the next visit.
Photojournalism : The Street Protest
Malaysian riot police used the tear gas and water cannon to disperse the HINDRAF protesters in Kuala Lumpur February 16, 2008.The protest is to demanding five others HINDRAF opposition leader te be released which is detained under the Internal Security Act, ISA.The goverment apply ISA to anyone who endanger to the country without trial to the people. Mohamed Heikkal Ismail / Wired Newshttp://www.flickr.com/photos/avercine/
TRUE LOVES
The Prophet's Love For His People
Something to think about....
How would you feel if you found out that someone was thinking about you more than 1400 years ago?
A few days before he left this world, the Prophet Muhammad was heard saying....
" I wish that I had met my brothers....."
His companions, who were around him said, "We are your brothers !"
He replied ; " You are my companions. But my brothers are...."
" those who come after me, and believe in me without seeing me !"
This shows a glimpse of our Prophet's love for us...
And of course, we claim to love him as well....
But when love becomes limited to words, it becomes meaningless,
And when the loved one's advise is not taken seriously, it invalidates this love....
Something to think about....
How would you feel if you found out that someone was thinking about you more than 1400 years ago?
A few days before he left this world, the Prophet Muhammad was heard saying....
" I wish that I had met my brothers....."
His companions, who were around him said, "We are your brothers !"
He replied ; " You are my companions. But my brothers are...."
" those who come after me, and believe in me without seeing me !"
This shows a glimpse of our Prophet's love for us...
And of course, we claim to love him as well....
But when love becomes limited to words, it becomes meaningless,
And when the loved one's advise is not taken seriously, it invalidates this love....
Tuesday, February 26, 2008
As for the significance of sincere devotion [ikhlas], Allah (Almighty and Glorious is He)
has said:
And they have been commanded only to serve Allah, making the religion His sincerely as
men of pure faith. (98:5)
wa ma umiru illa li-ya'budu 'llaha mukhlisina la-hu 'd-din:hunafa'a.
He has told us (Glorious and Exalted is He):
Surely pure religion is only for Allah. (39:3)
a-la li'llahi 'd-dinu 'l-khalis.
He has said (Exalted is He):
Their flesh and blood do not reach Allah, yet your devotion reaches Him. (22:37)
lan yanala 'llaha luhumu-ha wa la dima'u-ha wa lakin yanalu-hu 't-taqwa min-kum.
He has also told us (Magnificent is His Majesty):
Say [to the people of the Scripture]:
"Do you dispute with us concerning Allah, when He is our Lord and your Lord?"
Ours are our works and yours are your works, and we are sincerely devoted to Him.
(2:139)
qul a-tuhajjuna-na fi 'llahi wa Huwa Rabbu-na wa Rabbu-kum:wa la-na a'malu-na wa
la-kum a'malu-kum: wa nahnu la-hu mukhlisun.
has said:
And they have been commanded only to serve Allah, making the religion His sincerely as
men of pure faith. (98:5)
wa ma umiru illa li-ya'budu 'llaha mukhlisina la-hu 'd-din:hunafa'a.
He has told us (Glorious and Exalted is He):
Surely pure religion is only for Allah. (39:3)
a-la li'llahi 'd-dinu 'l-khalis.
He has said (Exalted is He):
Their flesh and blood do not reach Allah, yet your devotion reaches Him. (22:37)
lan yanala 'llaha luhumu-ha wa la dima'u-ha wa lakin yanalu-hu 't-taqwa min-kum.
He has also told us (Magnificent is His Majesty):
Say [to the people of the Scripture]:
"Do you dispute with us concerning Allah, when He is our Lord and your Lord?"
Ours are our works and yours are your works, and we are sincerely devoted to Him.
(2:139)
qul a-tuhajjuna-na fi 'llahi wa Huwa Rabbu-na wa Rabbu-kum:wa la-na a'malu-na wa
la-kum a'malu-kum: wa nahnu la-hu mukhlisun.
hai....
asalamualaikum....
hai everybody hope all of u hapi always....
to our members in group 5 ( k.hawa,k.duni,k.gee and shahril)
i was passed all of yours assignment yesterday at kak mas and dr. aminuddin...
tapi tak jumpa diaorg maybe diaorg ada klas lg. so i put inside a pigeon hall.
to hj. anuar very long article about flood.....good bcoz u explain how to do before and after flood.
ok... c u all next time...
sincerely,
Norain G74489
hai everybody hope all of u hapi always....
to our members in group 5 ( k.hawa,k.duni,k.gee and shahril)
i was passed all of yours assignment yesterday at kak mas and dr. aminuddin...
tapi tak jumpa diaorg maybe diaorg ada klas lg. so i put inside a pigeon hall.
to hj. anuar very long article about flood.....good bcoz u explain how to do before and after flood.
ok... c u all next time...
sincerely,
Norain G74489
Hi , asalamualaikum Cik Mas & adik2 semua. I know that everybody very busy with asgnmt, beside your daily work. That is our challange isn't it? So be patient, hopefully Allah swt will help and giving us strenghful mind to face any difficulties. Semoga kita semua tabah menghadapi apa pun jua dugaan dan rintangan dalam meneruskan perjuangan kita ini.
Your Sincerely
K. Ani
Your Sincerely
K. Ani
IN CASE OF FLOOD
ENVIRONMENT HEALTH ( PRE READING ACTIVITY )
Hj Anuar.b Ali ( G74462 )
Natural disaster sometimes it of course unpredictable. Proportion of all did not even expect think. Natural disaster phenomenon can happen split second without warning but flood disaster that struck in our state still could be detected with signs.
Like other natural disaster that happens worldwide, stay thing and life estate in critical condition. In those circumstances cannot avoid this, security knowledge and early preparation to face highly useful flood. Stated affairs get save the life or at least control high loss. Three important moments must take attention in facing flood season involving precautions to before flood time, when first flood.
Flood is state of things in which water went up exceed danger level and declared flood by side powerful. Willing researched by Meteorology Organization A Universal (WMO), flood is natural disaster third-largest already sacrifice a lot life and destroyed property. Flood problem in the country was closely related flooded among rainy season and flash flood. Focused people and development expansion in basin and river valley have been ridden easily water cause occurrence of floods difficult to be avoided. Flood frequency also improved change result land use which flow system in unable low-lying area issue rain flow heavy and drainage system experience result sedimentation development.
Preparation before the floods:
• Obtain information of flood in your place.
• Make Sure system warning flood, delivered and preparation information local flood.
• Check hole water either drain or sewer. Clean obstacle and make sure it tightly
closed that water flood no overflow went through it.
• Make sure evacuation centre and disaster relief centre in your place, make
planning and emergency evacuation training.
• Prepare emergency equipments.
• Make sure all your family member know ways act during emergency at home.
Action after the flood:
• Check channel gas which may broken or leaking.
• Check flex infused in water.
• Check electrical appliances that sink.
• Check easy materials burnt may flow enter by flood (kerosene, petrol, diesel etc).
• Dump food immersed or affected water flood including tinned food.
• Check septic tank damage to avoid biology danger.
• Report any damage public facilities to the authorities.
Infectious disease risk:
Customary that physical destruction accompanying awful great flood. When water flood ebb, it may give threatening that bigger for security and health person. Not lag impact of stress mental among victim suffer damage residential, property, livestock, crop nor loss beloved person. To flood season, well during and after it, endowment infectious illnesses water as typhoid fever and cholera, usually easy to spread if the measures duly not taken up. Heavy rain will cause spillover flood and brings along garbage, water sewage and chemical from the factory and industry. This flood as water will cause poisonous materials will rise to the surface and pay negative impact.
Us how can look after the health in evacuation centre?
• Always drinking water already cooked.
• Eating food cook only. To avoid raw food as vegetable ( ulaman.)
• Guard personal hygiene and surrounding area.
• Obey advice those given by health staff.
• Obtain all injection if give.
• Use basic amenities that are provided as toilet, dustbin and others.
People south Peninsula may not that provide against this natural disaster when take into account area inhabited before this never ride water. This affairs is different with the people in the east coast more prepared Peninsula because every year have to face with flood problem.In facing environment such, all party please persevere accept test and follow direction of the authority to make sure assistance can be channeled quickly to the victim those involved.
Note:
Thousandth apology, Miss mas. My computer cannot acess your blog stated from once until now. when we try to acess that blog, display will come out
Hj Anuar.b Ali ( G74462 )
Natural disaster sometimes it of course unpredictable. Proportion of all did not even expect think. Natural disaster phenomenon can happen split second without warning but flood disaster that struck in our state still could be detected with signs.
Like other natural disaster that happens worldwide, stay thing and life estate in critical condition. In those circumstances cannot avoid this, security knowledge and early preparation to face highly useful flood. Stated affairs get save the life or at least control high loss. Three important moments must take attention in facing flood season involving precautions to before flood time, when first flood.
Flood is state of things in which water went up exceed danger level and declared flood by side powerful. Willing researched by Meteorology Organization A Universal (WMO), flood is natural disaster third-largest already sacrifice a lot life and destroyed property. Flood problem in the country was closely related flooded among rainy season and flash flood. Focused people and development expansion in basin and river valley have been ridden easily water cause occurrence of floods difficult to be avoided. Flood frequency also improved change result land use which flow system in unable low-lying area issue rain flow heavy and drainage system experience result sedimentation development.
Preparation before the floods:
• Obtain information of flood in your place.
• Make Sure system warning flood, delivered and preparation information local flood.
• Check hole water either drain or sewer. Clean obstacle and make sure it tightly
closed that water flood no overflow went through it.
• Make sure evacuation centre and disaster relief centre in your place, make
planning and emergency evacuation training.
• Prepare emergency equipments.
• Make sure all your family member know ways act during emergency at home.
Action after the flood:
• Check channel gas which may broken or leaking.
• Check flex infused in water.
• Check electrical appliances that sink.
• Check easy materials burnt may flow enter by flood (kerosene, petrol, diesel etc).
• Dump food immersed or affected water flood including tinned food.
• Check septic tank damage to avoid biology danger.
• Report any damage public facilities to the authorities.
Infectious disease risk:
Customary that physical destruction accompanying awful great flood. When water flood ebb, it may give threatening that bigger for security and health person. Not lag impact of stress mental among victim suffer damage residential, property, livestock, crop nor loss beloved person. To flood season, well during and after it, endowment infectious illnesses water as typhoid fever and cholera, usually easy to spread if the measures duly not taken up. Heavy rain will cause spillover flood and brings along garbage, water sewage and chemical from the factory and industry. This flood as water will cause poisonous materials will rise to the surface and pay negative impact.
Us how can look after the health in evacuation centre?
• Always drinking water already cooked.
• Eating food cook only. To avoid raw food as vegetable ( ulaman.)
• Guard personal hygiene and surrounding area.
• Obey advice those given by health staff.
• Obtain all injection if give.
• Use basic amenities that are provided as toilet, dustbin and others.
People south Peninsula may not that provide against this natural disaster when take into account area inhabited before this never ride water. This affairs is different with the people in the east coast more prepared Peninsula because every year have to face with flood problem.In facing environment such, all party please persevere accept test and follow direction of the authority to make sure assistance can be channeled quickly to the victim those involved.
Note:
Thousandth apology, Miss mas. My computer cannot acess your blog stated from once until now. when we try to acess that blog, display will come out
see your again
hai....
just to say hai.....
as usual every morning i open this blog
and must chit chat to your all....
your all must be surprise about the news i told yesterday
right. i hope hj anuar not break this sem.
if her break this sem our class biomed less student again.
bye from now.....
just to say hai.....
as usual every morning i open this blog
and must chit chat to your all....
your all must be surprise about the news i told yesterday
right. i hope hj anuar not break this sem.
if her break this sem our class biomed less student again.
bye from now.....
Monday, February 25, 2008
Assalamualaikum...............
Hi,my friends..........
I'm also shock about Hj Anuar want to break this semester.I understand if his problem is not enough time to spend for assigment,job and family.I feel not only you but all my friends too.I hope Haji Anuar thinking more better before he take the result not joint us next semester..
bye......
Kak yati (G74566)
I'm also shock about Hj Anuar want to break this semester.I understand if his problem is not enough time to spend for assigment,job and family.I feel not only you but all my friends too.I hope Haji Anuar thinking more better before he take the result not joint us next semester..
bye......
Kak yati (G74566)
hai, good morning and assalamualaikum...
hai everybody....
hope u all hapi2 today...
im quite shock about hj anuar want to break this sem....
actually tunggu nak sit exam je....
i hope hj anuar can be more patient..and think and think again...
ok.
sincerely
Norain G74489
hope u all hapi2 today...
im quite shock about hj anuar want to break this sem....
actually tunggu nak sit exam je....
i hope hj anuar can be more patient..and think and think again...
ok.
sincerely
Norain G74489
the new hot news
good morning.....
just want say hello to all my friend,
now our blog so 'meriah' and so colourful,
as usual every working day the first thing i must open
this blog firts and read the blog can get info.
last night i get info about our haji anuar want break
this semester, i so surprise and hope he dont break this
semester coz we can lose 1 person again in our group biomed.
Hope hj.anuar think in correct way....
just want say hello to all my friend,
now our blog so 'meriah' and so colourful,
as usual every working day the first thing i must open
this blog firts and read the blog can get info.
last night i get info about our haji anuar want break
this semester, i so surprise and hope he dont break this
semester coz we can lose 1 person again in our group biomed.
Hope hj.anuar think in correct way....
Assalamualaikum...............
Actually.............I posted my blog writing on Saturday afternoon but I didn't write my matriks number.so I posted again this morning to covered my mistake. I hope kak mas not angry with me.please forgive me.......................kak mas .
Tq.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Floods happen when soil and vegetation cannot absorb all the water. Floods can give the major impact on the health systems esspecially the human populations because the range of possible health outcomes is not very good. The direct and immediate impacts on humans health includes loss of life, injuries, lack of clean water and destroyed sewage systems. Floods also can cause the damage of infrastructural, contamination the water supplies, spread and bring out many kinds of diseases, shortage of food crops and slow down the economics.
Floods can potentially increase the water borne diseases like gastrointestinal disease, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, leptospirosis and cases of vector borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. The gastrointestinal diseases like cholera and diarrheal infections are the most common flood related diseases because it can easily spread or contracted after drinking water or eating food contaminated by common bacteria pathogens such as Vibrio cholera that produce toxins, Escherichia coli (EPEC)0157 particularly in infants and young children and thypoid bacteria like Salmonella and Shigella. Transmission of other parasites such as Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Gardia lamblia occurs when a person eats or drinks something that has been contamination with infection faeces. The outbreak involved mostly in adults and also children and was controlled after adequate water and sanitation facilities were provided. Poorly treated human sewage contains pathogens that are a key cause of diarrheal infections. Bacteria pathogens also present in public water supplies where the floods can contaminated the underground pipelines and dislocation of storage tanks. Therefore, the water supplies in home may be not unsafe for drinking, cooking or other routine working. The other symptoms involved with flood related diseases include vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, allergic and abdominal cramps. However, loss of body fluids rapidly can lead to dehydration because the electrotytes imbalance in the body. Loss of body fluids can treat by replacement with the normal saline or oral rehydration salt. A healthy person may becomes hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided.
Other flood related diseases which are not mentioned in the article are mold infection. Mold is the common type of fungi infection. Mold is a kind of microscopic fungi. There are many types of mold are present throught out the environment, indoors and out. Tiny mold particles are always present in the air, in the form of tiny microscopic cells known as spores. Mold spores can grow and seat in a moist or damp environment or any surface that contains organic matter. A home that been flooded can provided ideal conditions or the growth and poliferation of mold. Peoples who are exposure to very long period of mold, can get more serious problem such as nasal and sinus congestion, cough,wheeze or breathing difficulties, sore throat, skin and eye irritation and upper respiratory infections. The group that have been risk to the mold infections such as infants, children, elderly, individuals with respiratory conditions, allergies, asthma problem and persons with weakened immune systems(HIV infection, cancer patients taking chemotherapy,organ transplant recepients). The places are very easily mold to growth are, damages building structural, such as ceiling, walls, carpet, woodwork, sink, furniture, cabinets ,tiles bathroom and other strored items. Removal and cleaning are important because even dead mold may cause allergic reactions. To prevent mold growth, clean wet items and surfaces with detergent and water.
The alternative ways to curb one of the diseases especially the water borne diseases are water quality, food safety, sanitation and personal hygiene, precautions during handling clean -up activities and take the immunisation when appropriate. The public are advised to used only water that have boiled or treated with chlorine and iodine for drinking, eating food that have been thoroughly cooked and avoid food or drinks from street vendors. The public also must wash the cloths or anything that contact with flood water more completely. Practice proper hand washing also to prevent infection with certain pathogens that may be transmitted from farm animals. Secure all food sources and remove any animal carcasses to avoid attracting rats. Wear insect repellant when outdoors because it can lead to more mosquitoes, which can carry disease. For mold infection,use rubber gloves, eye goggles and wear outer clothing (long sleeved shirts and long pants) that can removed before leaving the working area.People who have health problems should not do clean up work where there is heavy mold growth or materials contaminated with mold.
Tq.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASES OF FLOOD
Floods happen when soil and vegetation cannot absorb all the water. Floods can give the major impact on the health systems esspecially the human populations because the range of possible health outcomes is not very good. The direct and immediate impacts on humans health includes loss of life, injuries, lack of clean water and destroyed sewage systems. Floods also can cause the damage of infrastructural, contamination the water supplies, spread and bring out many kinds of diseases, shortage of food crops and slow down the economics.
Floods can potentially increase the water borne diseases like gastrointestinal disease, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, leptospirosis and cases of vector borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. The gastrointestinal diseases like cholera and diarrheal infections are the most common flood related diseases because it can easily spread or contracted after drinking water or eating food contaminated by common bacteria pathogens such as Vibrio cholera that produce toxins, Escherichia coli (EPEC)0157 particularly in infants and young children and thypoid bacteria like Salmonella and Shigella. Transmission of other parasites such as Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Gardia lamblia occurs when a person eats or drinks something that has been contamination with infection faeces. The outbreak involved mostly in adults and also children and was controlled after adequate water and sanitation facilities were provided. Poorly treated human sewage contains pathogens that are a key cause of diarrheal infections. Bacteria pathogens also present in public water supplies where the floods can contaminated the underground pipelines and dislocation of storage tanks. Therefore, the water supplies in home may be not unsafe for drinking, cooking or other routine working. The other symptoms involved with flood related diseases include vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, allergic and abdominal cramps. However, loss of body fluids rapidly can lead to dehydration because the electrotytes imbalance in the body. Loss of body fluids can treat by replacement with the normal saline or oral rehydration salt. A healthy person may becomes hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided.
Other flood related diseases which are not mentioned in the article are mold infection. Mold is the common type of fungi infection. Mold is a kind of microscopic fungi. There are many types of mold are present throught out the environment, indoors and out. Tiny mold particles are always present in the air, in the form of tiny microscopic cells known as spores. Mold spores can grow and seat in a moist or damp environment or any surface that contains organic matter. A home that been flooded can provided ideal conditions or the growth and poliferation of mold. Peoples who are exposure to very long period of mold, can get more serious problem such as nasal and sinus congestion, cough,wheeze or breathing difficulties, sore throat, skin and eye irritation and upper respiratory infections. The group that have been risk to the mold infections such as infants, children, elderly, individuals with respiratory conditions, allergies, asthma problem and persons with weakened immune systems(HIV infection, cancer patients taking chemotherapy,organ transplant recepients). The places are very easily mold to growth are, damages building structural, such as ceiling, walls, carpet, woodwork, sink, furniture, cabinets ,tiles bathroom and other strored items. Removal and cleaning are important because even dead mold may cause allergic reactions. To prevent mold growth, clean wet items and surfaces with detergent and water.
The alternative ways to curb one of the diseases especially the water borne diseases are water quality, food safety, sanitation and personal hygiene, precautions during handling clean -up activities and take the immunisation when appropriate. The public are advised to used only water that have boiled or treated with chlorine and iodine for drinking, eating food that have been thoroughly cooked and avoid food or drinks from street vendors. The public also must wash the cloths or anything that contact with flood water more completely. Practice proper hand washing also to prevent infection with certain pathogens that may be transmitted from farm animals. Secure all food sources and remove any animal carcasses to avoid attracting rats. Wear insect repellant when outdoors because it can lead to more mosquitoes, which can carry disease. For mold infection,use rubber gloves, eye goggles and wear outer clothing (long sleeved shirts and long pants) that can removed before leaving the working area.People who have health problems should not do clean up work where there is heavy mold growth or materials contaminated with mold.
By,
Norhayati bt Hamzah
G74566
Sunday, February 24, 2008
FLOODING by Mohamed Heikkal Ismail
Flooding affected for 40% of all natural disasters worldwide and causes about half of all deaths from natural disasters. Most floods occur in developing regions and tropical regions where the impact on public health is substantial, the number of people displaced is often large, and the number of deaths is high. In the aftermath of a flood deaths and injuries not only result from the physical characteristics of the event but are also determined by the prevailing socioeconomic and health conditions of the community and any endemic infectious diseases. Increased rates of diarrhoea (including cholera and dysentery), respiratory infections, hepatitis A and E, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, and diseases borne by insects.Waterborne diseases are now a cause for concern.V vulnificus belongs to the cholera bacteria family, and is a rare cause of illness.Malnutrition caused by inadequate supplies of food and problems with distribution compounds of food.
People who are affected by floods are often apprehensive about the potential, long term adverse effects of exposure to contaminants, mould, and toxic substances that may be present in their homes after clean up.The long term effects of flooding on psychological health may perhaps be even more important than illness or injury. For most people the emotional trauma continues long after the water has receded. Making repairs, cleaning up, and dealing with insurance claims can be stressful.Most of the current cases are wound infections in people with underlying medical conditions that are immunocompromising or who have chronic liver diseases.
The public should boil or chlorinate tap water before drink and this is one of the prevention from the flood related diseases but this may be difficult if electricity, gas, and dry wood are not available in the flooding area.
Mohamed Heikkal Ismail
G74474
People who are affected by floods are often apprehensive about the potential, long term adverse effects of exposure to contaminants, mould, and toxic substances that may be present in their homes after clean up.The long term effects of flooding on psychological health may perhaps be even more important than illness or injury. For most people the emotional trauma continues long after the water has receded. Making repairs, cleaning up, and dealing with insurance claims can be stressful.Most of the current cases are wound infections in people with underlying medical conditions that are immunocompromising or who have chronic liver diseases.
The public should boil or chlorinate tap water before drink and this is one of the prevention from the flood related diseases but this may be difficult if electricity, gas, and dry wood are not available in the flooding area.
Mohamed Heikkal Ismail
G74474
Saturday, February 23, 2008
thanks......
actually our members in group 5 have finished about disscuss TITAS and BIOSTAT sebentar tadi.
thank u i wiss 4 our members in group 5 esspesially to hawa, aduni , gee and shahrill also me norain....to dedicate and very understood in disscussion group.
nice to working with u all.
thanks again.
sincerely,
Norain G74489
Aduni G74461
Gee G74478
Hawa G74488
Shahril G74487
thank u i wiss 4 our members in group 5 esspesially to hawa, aduni , gee and shahrill also me norain....to dedicate and very understood in disscussion group.
nice to working with u all.
thanks again.
sincerely,
Norain G74489
Aduni G74461
Gee G74478
Hawa G74488
Shahril G74487
CASES OF FLOOD
Floods happen when soil and vegetation cannot absorb all the water. Floods can give the major impact on the health systems esspecially the human populations because the range of possible health outcomes is not very good. The direct and immediate impacts on humans health includes loss of life, injuries, lack of clean water and destroyed sewage systems. Floods also can cause the damage of infrastructural, contamination the water supplies, spread and bring out many kinds of diseases, shortage of food crops and slow down the economics.
Floods can potentially increase the water borne diseases like gastrointestinal disease, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, leptospirosis and cases of vector borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. The gastrointestinal diseases like cholera and diarrheal infections are the most common flood related diseases because it can easily spread or contracted after drinking water or eating food contaminated by common bacteria pathogens such as Vibrio cholera that produce toxins, Escherichia coli (EPEC)0157 particularly in infants and young children and thypoid bacteria like Salmonella and Shigella. Transmission of other parasites such as Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Gardia lamblia occurs when a person eats or drinks something that has been contamination with infection faeces. The outbreak involved mostly in adults and also children and was controlled after adequate water and sanitation facilities were provided. Poorly treated human sewage contains pathogens that are a key cause of diarrheal infections. Bacteria pathogens also present in public water supplies where the floods can contaminated the underground pipelines and dislocation of storage tanks. Therefore, the water supplies in home may be not unsafe for drinking, cooking or other routine working. The other symptoms involved with flood related diseases include vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, allergic and abdominal cramps. However, loss of body fluids rapidly can lead to dehydration because the electrotytes imbalance in the body. Loss of body fluids can treat by replacement with the normal saline or oral rehydration salt. A healthy person may becomes hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided.
Other flood related diseases which are not mentioned in the article are mold infection. Mold is the common type of fungi infection. Mold is a kind of microscopic fungi. There are many types of mold are present throught out the environment, indoors and out. Tiny mold particles are always present in the air, in the form of tiny microscopic cells known as spores. Mold spores can grow and seat in a moist or damp environment or any surface that contains organic matter. A home that been flooded can provided ideal conditions or the growth and poliferation of mold. Peoples who are exposure to very long period of mold, can get more serious problem such as nasal and sinus congestion, cough,wheeze or breathing difficulties, sore throat, skin and eye irritation and upper respiratory infections. The group that have been risk to the mold infections such as infants, children, elderly, individuals with respiratory conditions, allergies, asthma problem and persons with weakened immune systems(HIV infection, cancer patients taking chemotherapy,organ transplant recepients). The places are very easily mold to growth are, damages building structural, such as ceiling, walls, carpet, woodwork, sink, furniture, cabinets ,tiles bathroom and other strored items. Removal and cleaning are important because even dead mold may cause allergic reactions. To prevent mold growth, clean wet items and surfaces with detergent and water.
The alternative ways to curb one of the diseases especially the water borne diseases are water quality, food safety, sanitation and personal hygiene, precautions during handling clean -up activities and take the immunisation when appropriate. The public are advised to used only water that have boiled or treated with chlorine and iodine for drinking, eating food that have been thoroughly cooked and avoid food or drinks from street vendors. The public also must wash the cloths or anything that contact with flood water more completely. Practice proper hand washing also to prevent infection with certain pathogens that may be transmitted from farm animals. Secure all food sources and remove any animal carcasses to avoid attracting rats. Wear insect repellant when outdoors because it can lead to more mosquitoes, which can carry disease. For mold infection,use rubber gloves, eye goggles and wear outer clothing (long sleeved shirts and long pants) that can removed before leaving the working area.People who have health problems should not do clean up work where there is heavy mold growth or materials contaminated with mold.
Floods can potentially increase the water borne diseases like gastrointestinal disease, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, leptospirosis and cases of vector borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. The gastrointestinal diseases like cholera and diarrheal infections are the most common flood related diseases because it can easily spread or contracted after drinking water or eating food contaminated by common bacteria pathogens such as Vibrio cholera that produce toxins, Escherichia coli (EPEC)0157 particularly in infants and young children and thypoid bacteria like Salmonella and Shigella. Transmission of other parasites such as Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Gardia lamblia occurs when a person eats or drinks something that has been contamination with infection faeces. The outbreak involved mostly in adults and also children and was controlled after adequate water and sanitation facilities were provided. Poorly treated human sewage contains pathogens that are a key cause of diarrheal infections. Bacteria pathogens also present in public water supplies where the floods can contaminated the underground pipelines and dislocation of storage tanks. Therefore, the water supplies in home may be not unsafe for drinking, cooking or other routine working. The other symptoms involved with flood related diseases include vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, allergic and abdominal cramps. However, loss of body fluids rapidly can lead to dehydration because the electrotytes imbalance in the body. Loss of body fluids can treat by replacement with the normal saline or oral rehydration salt. A healthy person may becomes hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided.
Other flood related diseases which are not mentioned in the article are mold infection. Mold is the common type of fungi infection. Mold is a kind of microscopic fungi. There are many types of mold are present throught out the environment, indoors and out. Tiny mold particles are always present in the air, in the form of tiny microscopic cells known as spores. Mold spores can grow and seat in a moist or damp environment or any surface that contains organic matter. A home that been flooded can provided ideal conditions or the growth and poliferation of mold. Peoples who are exposure to very long period of mold, can get more serious problem such as nasal and sinus congestion, cough,wheeze or breathing difficulties, sore throat, skin and eye irritation and upper respiratory infections. The group that have been risk to the mold infections such as infants, children, elderly, individuals with respiratory conditions, allergies, asthma problem and persons with weakened immune systems(HIV infection, cancer patients taking chemotherapy,organ transplant recepients). The places are very easily mold to growth are, damages building structural, such as ceiling, walls, carpet, woodwork, sink, furniture, cabinets ,tiles bathroom and other strored items. Removal and cleaning are important because even dead mold may cause allergic reactions. To prevent mold growth, clean wet items and surfaces with detergent and water.
The alternative ways to curb one of the diseases especially the water borne diseases are water quality, food safety, sanitation and personal hygiene, precautions during handling clean -up activities and take the immunisation when appropriate. The public are advised to used only water that have boiled or treated with chlorine and iodine for drinking, eating food that have been thoroughly cooked and avoid food or drinks from street vendors. The public also must wash the cloths or anything that contact with flood water more completely. Practice proper hand washing also to prevent infection with certain pathogens that may be transmitted from farm animals. Secure all food sources and remove any animal carcasses to avoid attracting rats. Wear insect repellant when outdoors because it can lead to more mosquitoes, which can carry disease. For mold infection,use rubber gloves, eye goggles and wear outer clothing (long sleeved shirts and long pants) that can removed before leaving the working area.People who have health problems should not do clean up work where there is heavy mold growth or materials contaminated with mold.
by Yati ,
Taiping Perak.
wahhhhhhh.
hai good morning everybody....
wah so many people log in blogger 2day.
i very interested to join you all.
today as usual my duty in my lab....so kerja la...
to kak boop you also the person who was active in this blog...
kak boop very long time not see u...how are u today?
to en. H very nice article about flood same with shahril.
ok. to kak hawa, shahril,kak g,kak aduni so dont forget today about discussion .
ok. c u all later.
I also agree with kak boop thinking that "the people who dont join this blog maybe miss something/info/story". So come to join kitaorg ramai2.
Norain G74489
wah so many people log in blogger 2day.
i very interested to join you all.
today as usual my duty in my lab....so kerja la...
to kak boop you also the person who was active in this blog...
kak boop very long time not see u...how are u today?
to en. H very nice article about flood same with shahril.
ok. to kak hawa, shahril,kak g,kak aduni so dont forget today about discussion .
ok. c u all later.
I also agree with kak boop thinking that "the people who dont join this blog maybe miss something/info/story". So come to join kitaorg ramai2.
Norain G74489
Good morning
Assalamualaikum and good morning everybody....
Kak Boop...wahhh...you wake up so early even today is Saturday. Hope you can manage your time properly...
Hawa...wahh...you give respond very quick...I just finished reading Kak Boop's blog...suddenly your name and Shahril's blog writing assg appeared. Very good writing Shahril....another new flood-related disease for our info...Scabbies!
I agree that all of us are very busy and don't have much time to study...even to do the assignments. I also very busy coz HKL got a very heavy workload to do. My lab don't have any computer or internet for their staff's purposes. So everything I have to do at home with a limited time. We have to face the problems and try our best to manage the problems.
To Faza...nice chatting with you yesterday. Hope you won't have any problems to access this blog since you have a new internet connection at home. You may use this blog to announce your...dot...dot...dot....too...hehehhehe
To my group...see all of you this morning...I just got a person to take over my on-call duty today..Alhamdulillah
ok bye.wassalam.
Kak Boop...wahhh...you wake up so early even today is Saturday. Hope you can manage your time properly...
Hawa...wahh...you give respond very quick...I just finished reading Kak Boop's blog...suddenly your name and Shahril's blog writing assg appeared. Very good writing Shahril....another new flood-related disease for our info...Scabbies!
I agree that all of us are very busy and don't have much time to study...even to do the assignments. I also very busy coz HKL got a very heavy workload to do. My lab don't have any computer or internet for their staff's purposes. So everything I have to do at home with a limited time. We have to face the problems and try our best to manage the problems.
To Faza...nice chatting with you yesterday. Hope you won't have any problems to access this blog since you have a new internet connection at home. You may use this blog to announce your...dot...dot...dot....too...hehehhehe
To my group...see all of you this morning...I just got a person to take over my on-call duty today..Alhamdulillah
ok bye.wassalam.
hi...
To kak Boop , Still awake ? It almost 6 am now.I've just visiting this blog and finally I saw ur name.Actually everybody busy with their schedule and don't have much time to study.I'm also facing the same problem.Actually for this a few days I'm trying to finish the assignment so that I have some time to review what we had learn before,hopefully.
To Hisham..very nice article.Now, i've got another info regarding flood disease.'Amoeba' a very nice name of microorganism but can give some health problem to us.Beware of unhygienic condition especially during flooded.One thing to remind U , please don't use red colour for the font , it's very difficult to see..hehe don't angry yeah....
Okay..time to continue doing TITAS...c u next visit.
BLOG WRITING ASSIGNMENT
IN CASE OF FLOOD
Natural disaster in the world such as floods make an enormous impact on the environment and society. In areas largely inhabited by people, there are both positive and negative environmental effects of flooding. Floods can distribute large amounts of water and suspended river sediment over vast areas. In many areas, this sediment helps replenish valuable topsoil components to agricultural lands and can keep the elevation of a land mass above sea level.
On the negative side, floods disrupt normal drainage systems in cities and typically overwhelm sewer systems. Thus, raw or partially raw sewage spills are common in flooded area. Additionally, if the flood is severe enough, destruction of buildings that can contain a large array of toxic materials (paints, pesticides, gasoline, etc..) can cause the release of these materials into the local environment, which is not good. Floods disrupt many people's lives each year and personal tragedies due to flooding occur frequently.
The most common flood-related disease are infectious diseases spread primarily through contaminated water. Though these disease are spread either directly or through flies or filth. Most intestinal diseases are infectious and are transmitted through faecal waste. Thypoid, Cholera, Paratyphoid fever and Bacillary dysentery because of bacterial infections. Infectious Hepatitis (jaundice) and Poliomyelitis because of viral infections and Amoebic dysentery because of Protozoal infections. Another water-related killer is Malaria, is just as potent in this region and the vector-borne diseases, along with dengue fever.
Other flood-related diseases which are not mentioned in the article is skin infections within the flood victims at the flood relief centre such as scabbies, mange and skin rash. Scabbies is caused by a type of mite and it is very contagious. The most coomon symptom of scabbies is extreme itching, particularly at night. Scabbies causes the skin to become red and blistered. Areas of skin affected by scabbies include between the toes and finger, around the wrist, folds of the elbow, armpits, beltline, abdomen, genitalia, nipples, buttocks and the groin. Babies and small children may get it on the face , scalp or soles of the feet.
Scabbies is transferred by direct skin to skin contact within flood victims. It can also be transferred by contact with clothes or bedding that has been contaminated by an infected person. A very common way to get scabbies is to shake hands with an infected person or during physical contact. Scabbies mites only infest humans not the animals and can survive for three or four days if they are away from the human body.
The only way to curb the water-borne and symptoms of scabbies are is to improve the people’s hygienic behaviour and only drinking the boiled water. The simple act of washing hands before eat can reduce the number of diarrheal cases and infections. Everyone living with an infected person with scabbies, as well as intimate contacts, should be immediately treated by Dermisil. The infected persons clothing and bedding needs to be washed in hot water and ironed so as to kill the mite and all of its eggs. So, everyone should be treated at the same time to prevent reinfestation with scabbies from other persons who might be infected but do not have any symptoms yet.
On the negative side, floods disrupt normal drainage systems in cities and typically overwhelm sewer systems. Thus, raw or partially raw sewage spills are common in flooded area. Additionally, if the flood is severe enough, destruction of buildings that can contain a large array of toxic materials (paints, pesticides, gasoline, etc..) can cause the release of these materials into the local environment, which is not good. Floods disrupt many people's lives each year and personal tragedies due to flooding occur frequently.
The most common flood-related disease are infectious diseases spread primarily through contaminated water. Though these disease are spread either directly or through flies or filth. Most intestinal diseases are infectious and are transmitted through faecal waste. Thypoid, Cholera, Paratyphoid fever and Bacillary dysentery because of bacterial infections. Infectious Hepatitis (jaundice) and Poliomyelitis because of viral infections and Amoebic dysentery because of Protozoal infections. Another water-related killer is Malaria, is just as potent in this region and the vector-borne diseases, along with dengue fever.
Other flood-related diseases which are not mentioned in the article is skin infections within the flood victims at the flood relief centre such as scabbies, mange and skin rash. Scabbies is caused by a type of mite and it is very contagious. The most coomon symptom of scabbies is extreme itching, particularly at night. Scabbies causes the skin to become red and blistered. Areas of skin affected by scabbies include between the toes and finger, around the wrist, folds of the elbow, armpits, beltline, abdomen, genitalia, nipples, buttocks and the groin. Babies and small children may get it on the face , scalp or soles of the feet.
Scabbies is transferred by direct skin to skin contact within flood victims. It can also be transferred by contact with clothes or bedding that has been contaminated by an infected person. A very common way to get scabbies is to shake hands with an infected person or during physical contact. Scabbies mites only infest humans not the animals and can survive for three or four days if they are away from the human body.
The only way to curb the water-borne and symptoms of scabbies are is to improve the people’s hygienic behaviour and only drinking the boiled water. The simple act of washing hands before eat can reduce the number of diarrheal cases and infections. Everyone living with an infected person with scabbies, as well as intimate contacts, should be immediately treated by Dermisil. The infected persons clothing and bedding needs to be washed in hot water and ironed so as to kill the mite and all of its eggs. So, everyone should be treated at the same time to prevent reinfestation with scabbies from other persons who might be infected but do not have any symptoms yet.
TQ- Hawa
Hi. Good Morning every body! Since you are the one who rajin to use this blog is easier for me to contact. Yeah about the attachment at your place, of course I really want to go. But ... now the problem is time. I'm very busy in Kolej. Even our assignment I haven't tuoch. Study.... Jauh sekali. So many thing have to. I feel very frustated about it. Yes I will try to get the suitable time coz I interested to learn. Next month I got no lecture for the whole month. I hope I can arrange if nothing come to disturb my timetable. I will discuss with my boss. Ok. thank for your kindness reminder.
About the blog, if Cik Mas want to give mark base on the most active, I give award to your group. Is a good job coz you have learn to improve you english continiously. Now is 5 am may be you still sleep with a sweet dream. The person that never open this blog will miss everything is right or not? OK Bye
About the blog, if Cik Mas want to give mark base on the most active, I give award to your group. Is a good job coz you have learn to improve you english continiously. Now is 5 am may be you still sleep with a sweet dream. The person that never open this blog will miss everything is right or not? OK Bye
Friday, February 22, 2008
BLOG WRITING
’Malaysia increased flood mitigation efforts after suffering one of its worst periods of monsoon flooding last year. The government estimated losses of 1.2 billion ringgit (US$343 million; euro233 million) to repair roads and schools, and in aid to flood victims’
Above statement tells that natural disaster in Malaysia such as floods make an tremendous impact on the environment and society. Floods are not only troublesome and life wrecking, they are known to increase the transmission of water-borne disease and vector-borne disease. Normally it causes trauma and deep emotional disturbance to the flood victims.
It can also lead to epidemics water-borne and vector-borne diseases comes from contamination of water. Clean drinking water becomes scarce and creating an unhygienic conditions which lead of spreading of water-borne diseases.
Other flood – related diseases which are not mentioned in the article is Amoebiasis related with Entamoeba histolytica which. It is an anaerobic parasitic protozoan, part of the genus Entamoeba. It infects predominantly humans and other primates. It is estimated that about 50 million people are infected with the parasite worldwide. The active (trophozoite) stage exists only in the host and in fresh loose feces; cysts survive outside the host in water, soils and on foods, especially under moist conditions on the latter. When cysts are swallowed they cause infections by excysting (releasing the trophozoite stage) in the digestive tract.
E. histolytica, as its name suggests (histo–lytic = tissue destroying), causes disease; infection can lead to amoebic dysentery or amoebic liver abscess. Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, and amebomas. The amoeba can actually 'bore' into the intestinal wall, causing lesions and intestinal symptoms, and it may reach the blood stream. From there, it can reach different vital organs of the human body, usually the liver, but sometimes the lungs, brain, spleen, etc. A common outcome of this invasion of tissues is a liver abscess, which can be fatal if untreated. Ingested red blood cells are sometimes seen in the amoeba cell cytoplasm.
It can be diagnosed by stool samples but it is important to note that certain other species are impossible to distinguish by microscopy alone. Trophozoites may be seen in a fresh fecal smear and cysts in an ordinary stool sample. ELISA or RIA can also be used.
The ways to curb Amoebiasis is besides moving to a safe area, you should only drink boiled chlorinated water. Don’t drink water from rivers or wells after a flood. Make sure your food is prepare with the same water. Wash your hands if you touch contaminated water.
(H - Hishamuddin Ahmad G74467)
Above statement tells that natural disaster in Malaysia such as floods make an tremendous impact on the environment and society. Floods are not only troublesome and life wrecking, they are known to increase the transmission of water-borne disease and vector-borne disease. Normally it causes trauma and deep emotional disturbance to the flood victims.
It can also lead to epidemics water-borne and vector-borne diseases comes from contamination of water. Clean drinking water becomes scarce and creating an unhygienic conditions which lead of spreading of water-borne diseases.
Other flood – related diseases which are not mentioned in the article is Amoebiasis related with Entamoeba histolytica which. It is an anaerobic parasitic protozoan, part of the genus Entamoeba. It infects predominantly humans and other primates. It is estimated that about 50 million people are infected with the parasite worldwide. The active (trophozoite) stage exists only in the host and in fresh loose feces; cysts survive outside the host in water, soils and on foods, especially under moist conditions on the latter. When cysts are swallowed they cause infections by excysting (releasing the trophozoite stage) in the digestive tract.
E. histolytica, as its name suggests (histo–lytic = tissue destroying), causes disease; infection can lead to amoebic dysentery or amoebic liver abscess. Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, and amebomas. The amoeba can actually 'bore' into the intestinal wall, causing lesions and intestinal symptoms, and it may reach the blood stream. From there, it can reach different vital organs of the human body, usually the liver, but sometimes the lungs, brain, spleen, etc. A common outcome of this invasion of tissues is a liver abscess, which can be fatal if untreated. Ingested red blood cells are sometimes seen in the amoeba cell cytoplasm.
It can be diagnosed by stool samples but it is important to note that certain other species are impossible to distinguish by microscopy alone. Trophozoites may be seen in a fresh fecal smear and cysts in an ordinary stool sample. ELISA or RIA can also be used.
The ways to curb Amoebiasis is besides moving to a safe area, you should only drink boiled chlorinated water. Don’t drink water from rivers or wells after a flood. Make sure your food is prepare with the same water. Wash your hands if you touch contaminated water.
(H - Hishamuddin Ahmad G74467)
hai everybody...
just want to confirm with kak hawa, shahrill, kak aduni and kak gee.
so how about 2morrow discussion...
ok. please inform me back.
see u .....
Norain G74489
so how about 2morrow discussion...
ok. please inform me back.
see u .....
Norain G74489
Hi n good morning everybody..
To Faza , wah u got so many ideas to bring in eventhough in a very simple article but it is nice to read and also contain many important things to remember.I hope ur best frens ( adik Mus ) will join us after this.
To kak Boop , how about your plan to come n learn something in my places ?According to my experiences , u need to spend about two weeks to complete all the test covered in molecular genetic.I hope u can come after 12hb mac becoz I've to attend a course which start on the first week on march.
To all of my frens , do keep in touch...nice to hear something from u all.
frustated.....
assalamualaikum.....
about class Dr. Rohi just pass, so frust coz miss that class
hope our group(biomed) can have class tutorial with Dr.Rohi again just
same like last sem.
about class Dr. Rohi just pass, so frust coz miss that class
hope our group(biomed) can have class tutorial with Dr.Rohi again just
same like last sem.
Thursday, February 21, 2008
Assignment 1: Blog Writing(Flood-related Diseases)
The risk to get infections is very high among flood victims. The most common flood-related diseases are included infections diseases such as gastrointestinal disease, dermatitis, conjunctivitis and leptospirosis. LEPTOSPIROSIS is a water-borne disease carried in rat urine. The symptoms leptospirosis is include diarrhea, vomiting and liver or kidney problem. Vector-borne diseases like dengue and malaria also occur in the early weeks following the flooding. Other flood-related diseases which are not mentioned in the article are thypoid and cholera. Both diseases are carried by dirty water. I read the article in the internet (News: Malaysia: Flood-Dec 2006) by the health ministry’s director for disease control, Ramlee Rahmat said that respiratory infections also broken out among flood victims. The way to curb the diseases such as leptospirosis, dermatitis is must wear the glove and rubber boots during the cleaning process in the house. Because, there are still lots of mud and puddles and that’s a perfect environment for bacteria. After the cleaning process, they must wash hands properly. The victims of flood must wear proper clothes for covered their bodies from infected. And the parents especially should warn their children to do not play dirty water. The flood victims must refrain from taking pets and livestock to evacuation centres to prevent the disease spread from animal to human. The victim also to make sure they drink the clean water and must boiled the water before drink. During and after flood are very important to monitor and prevent the flood victims from getting flood-related diseases.
hi n salam sejahtera
Today , I will not comment anything about Aduni's article becoz I'm not feeling well which is started from yesterday.I hope I can finished my work earlier today so that I can take a rest for a while.About Dr.Rohi's Assignment , I hope I can finished by this week but I need to rewrite something which is in very short answer for the limited pages ( 5 pages ) according to his last instruction.Thanks to Ain for the new info.
I also keep wondering where is En. Razak have gone ? ......
anounccement !!!!!!!!!!
assalamualaikum every body...
actually my anounccement same with aduni about muet..
Dr.Rohi said as long as dah ambil muet is ok for pengijazahan.
band 1 untill band 6.
about his class he said for this sem his class was finish.
but he said ada sesetengah dr lain masih ada class lg. dia suruh kita semua join...
For his assignment have correcction.
1 question tak blh lbh 5 ms bukannya 5 question tak blh lbh 5 ms....ok..
tq...
Norain G74489
actually my anounccement same with aduni about muet..
Dr.Rohi said as long as dah ambil muet is ok for pengijazahan.
band 1 untill band 6.
about his class he said for this sem his class was finish.
but he said ada sesetengah dr lain masih ada class lg. dia suruh kita semua join...
For his assignment have correcction.
1 question tak blh lbh 5 ms bukannya 5 question tak blh lbh 5 ms....ok..
tq...
Norain G74489
ASSIGNMENT 1
BLOG WRITING (10%)
BLOG WRITING (10%)
Most floods that occur are a natural result of cyclical monsoons during the local tropical wet season. Natural disaster such as floods makes an enormous impact on the environment and society.
The most common effect flood related disease is water-borne disease and vector-borne disease.
Waterborne disease is caused by pathogenic microorganism which is directly transmitted when contaminated drinking water is consumed and can cause Cholera and Typhoid. Contaminated drinking water, used in the preparation of food, can be the source of food borne disease through consumption of the same microorganisms.
Vector-borne disease that is usually transmitted via vectors or intermediate hosts include dengue, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, leishmaniasis, malaria, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis and trypanosomiasis. In addition, it has recently been confirmed that domestic flies play a significant role in the mechanical transmission of diarrhoeal diseases and trachoma.
Other flood –related disease which are not mentioned in the article is if your fields or farm building have been flooded, take special precaution against flood-related disease in poultry and livestock. Watch for signs of flood-related disease for animal a Black leg and Anthrax, Tetanus (Lockjaw), Foot Rot, Mastitis, Botulism, Brooder Pneumonia and Erysipelas. Puncture wounds can results in disease such as tetanus or other skin injuries can lead to local infections or more serious disease such as dermal anthrax or erysipelas.
Since floods and standing water can promote the growth of anaerobic pathogens, avoid contact very young, very old or persons with impaired immune function (e.g AIDS patients or cancer patients) are likely most susceptible.
Flood related disease also occur when airborne mold spores are present in large number, they can trigger allergic reactions, asthma episodes, infections and other respiratory problems. In addition, exposure can cause development of an allergy to mold, resulting in long term problems.
Leptospirosis, or Weil’s disease is a zoonotic bacterial disease associated predominantly with rats.Leptospirosis caused by exposure to water contamination with the urine of rat and other animal and the symptom include diarrhea, vomiting and kidney or liver problems.
The ways to curb one of the diseases are rodent control after a flood. Safety precautions and elimination following floods, rats and other rodents may move into buildings to escape flood waters. Snakes are often forced into places where they are not usually found. Upon reentering flooded homes or building, you will need to be wary of these possibilities. Rats can carry disease and parasites, while snakes may be poisonous or at least frightening. Neither poses serous problems but the chance of an incident increase after disaster.
Controlling rats if rat continue to be a problem after flood waters recede, contact your country Extension agent or professional pest control operator for advice. If you own be extremely careful with any rodenticide or trap. To minimize rat problems:
-Remove trash piles and piles of damage furniture or equipment. Store materials on platforms or shelves 12 to 18 inches above the ground.
-Remove food sources. Store food supplies in rat-proof bins or containers. Suspend garbage containers from trees or posts. Remove animal carcasses, as they may attract rats.
-If you are bitten by a rat, wash the wound with soap and water and see a doctor immediately. Rats may carry disease and at the least, rat bites can cause infection. If the rat is captured or killed, health authorities may wish to check it for rabies or other disease. When picking up a carcass, use the inside of a plastic bag to avoid touching it. Double-seal it in plastic and freeze until further notice.
Annoucement
hai all my friend biomed course,
in this blog i want give info about muet and have aready
confirm with Prof hawa our muet just must have band 1 and above
in our executive course.
That all from now
tq,and lastly i agrae with k.Boop about our Penghulu why silent aje
my email not respon yet from her??????
Aduni
G74461
in this blog i want give info about muet and have aready
confirm with Prof hawa our muet just must have band 1 and above
in our executive course.
That all from now
tq,and lastly i agrae with k.Boop about our Penghulu why silent aje
my email not respon yet from her??????
Aduni
G74461
Wednesday, February 20, 2008
Just to say Hi
I had sent blog few days ago but unlucky when i check my blog was not in the blogg... So today I try again. I feel something push me to write in this blog when i read our adik-adik's blog. They're so active group. Congratulation to them! Yeah, my and our group also searching for En. Razak. I had tried in so many ways to contact him but it's so disappointed me coz he never answer or reply. Where are you wahai Tuan Penghulu! We need to discuss about our assignment.
Ok as a friend, we should give each other a good and beautiful thing so that our mind will always positive and full with kindness. Look at the picture, don't think that we're comfortable when we are on the top be careful may be the hard wind will suddenly hit us and fall down.
Selamat bersedia untuk Mengundi ......bye
class dr.rohi
hai assalamualaikum...
En. razak long time know see the news us penghulu kita ni, how are you?
just want to say hai, i want now about class Prof Dr.Rohi kita
tu he or she inform ari tu kita blh joint class undergred student,
hope En.razak can findout and ask timetable and confirm back if us can
joint or not the class.Perhap En.Razak can help for our class ye...
"Sekian terima kasih jasa baik tuan amat dihargai"
hope en. razak open this blog
From
Aduni
En. razak long time know see the news us penghulu kita ni, how are you?
just want to say hai, i want now about class Prof Dr.Rohi kita
tu he or she inform ari tu kita blh joint class undergred student,
hope En.razak can findout and ask timetable and confirm back if us can
joint or not the class.Perhap En.Razak can help for our class ye...
"Sekian terima kasih jasa baik tuan amat dihargai"
hope en. razak open this blog
From
Aduni
about discusion
asalamualaikum....
hai all my friend, just today, i can open this blog last two day cannot
open this blog coz very buzy,
About our discusion i am no problem if susah2 we meet at my houselah
on sunday or saturday (no problem about anak2 care)
actually i just follow je.....
ok bye,
Aduni
G74461
hai all my friend, just today, i can open this blog last two day cannot
open this blog coz very buzy,
About our discusion i am no problem if susah2 we meet at my houselah
on sunday or saturday (no problem about anak2 care)
actually i just follow je.....
ok bye,
Aduni
G74461
about muet
assalamualaikum every body.
hope all of you ok.
acctually i try to asking prof hawa Dean FSKB about band muet, but prof hawa also was-was and she said she try to reconfirm to somebody who was incharge the muet and she promise to inform me as soon as possible she can.
anything i can inform u all later.
To kak gee dont feel guilty bcoz every person have their own personal problem.....
ok...tq
sincerely
Norain G74489
hope all of you ok.
acctually i try to asking prof hawa Dean FSKB about band muet, but prof hawa also was-was and she said she try to reconfirm to somebody who was incharge the muet and she promise to inform me as soon as possible she can.
anything i can inform u all later.
To kak gee dont feel guilty bcoz every person have their own personal problem.....
ok...tq
sincerely
Norain G74489
Tuesday, February 19, 2008
Assalamualaikum
To Hawa and Ain...thanks for your understanding. Although you don't mind, I still feel guilty if I can't join our discussion..hmm...tak best lah! I'll keep trying to adjust my on-call if possible..hopefully...
To Ain...I'll bring our biostat assg tomorrow, InsyaAllah. Plz call me before you come ok...coz tomorrow I'll be little bit busy.
See you tomorrow....Wassalam
To Ain...I'll bring our biostat assg tomorrow, InsyaAllah. Plz call me before you come ok...coz tomorrow I'll be little bit busy.
See you tomorrow....Wassalam
assalamualaikum.
assalamualaikum... hi what up everybody..i dont mind about kak gee opinion....
about disscussion this week i try my best to get some info about that article assignment.
i try to joint you all before my long holiday next month.
next month my rest time.please inform me a day before want to meet disscussion.
to kak hawa and abg shahrill if u dont mind disscussion without kak gee it ok.
same place ? same time? its ok?
how about kak duni ? are u ok?
kak gee can i take the copy of assignment biostat from u tomorrow?
before i come i call u first.
tq.
Norain G74489
about disscussion this week i try my best to get some info about that article assignment.
i try to joint you all before my long holiday next month.
next month my rest time.please inform me a day before want to meet disscussion.
to kak hawa and abg shahrill if u dont mind disscussion without kak gee it ok.
same place ? same time? its ok?
how about kak duni ? are u ok?
kak gee can i take the copy of assignment biostat from u tomorrow?
before i come i call u first.
tq.
Norain G74489
Assalamualaikum..n selamat sejahtera
To Jee , I will discuss with shahril about your suggestion.Maybe our group still can make a meeting this saturday without you.We just want to discuss about the final TITAS correction before we submit it the following week.Then we discuss about BIOSTAT assign as we decided last week.It's okay if u can't come and join the discussion.I will email it to you any latest info.U can continue subscribing into scribblewiki the new topic of our assignment first.
About the article, I think everyone had submitted the best ideas that they have.It is 'terpulang ' to kak Mas to do the evaluation and give marks. Thanks for ur comment..It's okay with me.
bye..
Monday, February 18, 2008
Flood 2004
In front of my home at Kelantan. Just a few metres...the flood would reach my house...Alhamdulillah it flowed away the day after.Thank you
Assalamualaikum and salam sejahtera...
To Hawa, Shahril, Ain and Aduni,
Thank you
First of all...thank you to Hawa for your comments. I really like each comments that you gave to our friends who had wrote their blog assignments earlier. You done your job very well...Congratulation and keep up your`good work ok! I like your essay too....do you remember that your essay are very long too?..hehehe. Yours is 494 words and mine 478 words...counted with Ms words...(lebih kurang la kita)...don't angry yaa!!! As you said...it was difficult to summarize it coz we have many ideas to write it down, right??
To Hawa, Shahril, Ain and Aduni,
Regarding to our group discussion this Saturday...I'm afraid that I can't join all of you. I tried to change my on-call duty this Saturday morning to another day...but everyone in my lab can't take over my duty. If all of you don't mind...can we make it on Sunday? Since Hawa and Shahril don't have anybody to take care of their children...we can meet at McD or KFC or somewhere that our children can play together. I will bring my children too. What do you all think? If you have any idea...please tell me ok! At the same time, I'll try to update our Biostatistic assg in scribblewiki.
To Kak Mas and all my friends...I'm sorry for using this blog to chat with my group members. Please don't feel that our group have conquer this blog ya! Do keep in touch!
Thank you
hi
Assalamualaikum n selamat tengahari
As usual.., I will give some comment regarding our frens article.To Jee, I think you are good in writing eventhough I need to take several mins to finish reading your articles ( quite long ) but as u said just now through our conversation by phone , I understand that it was very difficult to summarize it into 250 words.Anyway..good luck in our becoming final exam.
To Ain , Jee n Aduni , I'll try my best to email about our discussion last week (TITAS asign ) before the end of this week.Now 'I'm still trying to get extra ideas to be added into our assignment.
Hmm..I need to go now becoz there is ISO seminar in my dept, which is everyone should attend it.C U at the same time tomorrow.
IN CASE OF LOOD
Floods have the potential to exact a major impact on the health of human populations, and for a given flood event, the range of possible health outcomes is broad. These outcomes can result directly from health risks associated with the presence of floodwater or indirectly via the impact of floods on shelter, livelihoods, infrastructure and health systems.
Floods can potentially increase the transmission of the water-borne diseases such as gastrointestinal diseases, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, leptospirosis and vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. Gastrointestinal diseases such as cholera and diarrheal illness are the most common flood-related diseases because it can easily spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or contracted by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the bacteria Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and some waterborne parasites such as giardia, cyclospora, and cryptosporidium.
Such breakdowns in sanitation systems and contamination of drinking water evoke fears of water-borne diseases. Unhealthy bacteria may be present in residents' water if the public water supply has lost power or if a private well has been flooded. The water in the home may be unsafe for drinking, cooking, or washing. Many water lines run parallel to roads. If floodwater recedes too quickly, it can erode the ground under the roads, causing the roads to collapse and in turn break the water lines. This may contaminate public drinking water supplies and disrupt service.
The general symptoms include fever, stomach cramps, diarrhea and vomiting. Rapid loss of body fluids can lead to dehydration and shock, and without treatment, death can occur within hours. Common treatment is replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes using oral rehydration solution.
Other flood related diseases which are not mentioned in the article are yellow fever, West Nile Fever, Hepatitis A, allergies, asthma and infection from helminths. There may also be an increased risk of respiratory tract infections such as cough, bronchitis, sore throat or flu-like illness due to exposure to flood waters and rain. Hypothermia may also be a problem, particularly in children, if trapped in floodwater for lengthy periods. Mold and fungi can grow in these materials to numbers that can present a health risk after being wet for only 48 hours. Persons at highest risk are asthmatics, people with allergies, infants and children, elderly, pregnant women, people with existing respiratory diseases, and people with compromised immune systems. Spraying with a household disinfectant for fungi and mold will not remove the organisms and can exacerbate breathing problems.
The effective ways to curb one of the disease especially water-borne disease include ensuring water quality, food safety, sanitation and hygiene, precautions during clean-up activities after flooding and immunization when appropriate. The residents’ public must use clean drinking water which can be purified by boiling or treating with chlorine. Beside that, all clothing, children’s toys and anything that have been in contact with contaminated floodwater should be washed and disinfected.
Nazmiah binti Yahaya
G74478
Saturday, February 16, 2008
hai everybody
assalamualaikum all of you..
we all from group 5 have done finish discussion .
so hapi so far.
But pening with biostat assignment...
all of me shahril, hawa, aduni, gee and ain want to wish u all
hapi holiday......
sincerely,
aduni g74461
ain g74489
hawa g74488
shahril g74487
gee G74478
we all from group 5 have done finish discussion .
so hapi so far.
But pening with biostat assignment...
all of me shahril, hawa, aduni, gee and ain want to wish u all
hapi holiday......
sincerely,
aduni g74461
ain g74489
hawa g74488
shahril g74487
gee G74478
Friday, February 15, 2008
hi
Just to say hello to all my frens n kak Mas.I notice that today is your english class right.I hope there are a few of us will join the class especially to those who work nearly to that area.
Actually, i'm just thinking about our duty to go for the becoming election day on March.I feel like guilty becoz till now I have not registered yet.I hope all of u can give ur 'undi' dengan adil.So , hepi Election Day !
To kak Yani , thanks for calling ! Hope that u can manage ur time.Bye.
hai every colleagues......
assalamualaikum... hi what up everybody..
i dont mind about kak gee opinion....
about disscussion this week i try my best to get some info about that article assignment.
i try to joint you all before my long holiday next month.
next month my rest time.
please inform me a day before want to meet disscussion.
tq...
Norain G74489
i dont mind about kak gee opinion....
about disscussion this week i try my best to get some info about that article assignment.
i try to joint you all before my long holiday next month.
next month my rest time.
please inform me a day before want to meet disscussion.
tq...
Norain G74489
Don't forget discussion tomorrow
hai assalamualaikum and good morning everybody....and to kak mas also
hope all of you are fine...
to kak duni ,kak gee ,kak hawa and abg shahrill
tomorrow dont forget aaaaa. Group discussion at
time : 11.00
location : Department of anatomy
Actually i was prepare the TITAS assignment completely ( 90%) .
2morrow i hope very body can give some comment ok.....
tq
Norain G74489
hope all of you are fine...
to kak duni ,kak gee ,kak hawa and abg shahrill
tomorrow dont forget aaaaa. Group discussion at
time : 11.00
location : Department of anatomy
Actually i was prepare the TITAS assignment completely ( 90%) .
2morrow i hope very body can give some comment ok.....
tq
Norain G74489
Thursday, February 14, 2008
Class
hai...
About the class every friday 8am-12pm, it take 4 hour is it ok if we join about just
2 hour coz just 'curi2' time working hour. If 4 hour we must take time offlah like that.
We Want joint class k.mas but problem time coz working time, so must adjust timelah.....
Sweet from
Aduni
G74461
About the class every friday 8am-12pm, it take 4 hour is it ok if we join about just
2 hour coz just 'curi2' time working hour. If 4 hour we must take time offlah like that.
We Want joint class k.mas but problem time coz working time, so must adjust timelah.....
Sweet from
Aduni
G74461
hi
Assalamualaikum..
To our best student ( En.Yatim ) , good article to read.To Ain n Aduni , for ur info , I think I would not be able to join the english class with u since the class begin during office hour.Actually I've got many work to do lately becoz many of the cancer patients were going for their treatment after long break last two weeks.This will bring a lot of samples to investigate especially in my lab ( for molecular testing ) n there is no person incharge other than me.So, I think I can't make it to join the class which I really like to have it together.
To all my frens , good luck in the becoming final exam ( Anybody got the schedule ? ) If so , please email it to me.Thanks.
Wednesday, February 13, 2008
i also interested 2.
kak duni i also intersted to join the class. for our information kak mas class on:
Every Friday, 8-12.
So maybe and insyaallah this saturday we can discuss about the class ok.
to group 5 dont forget this saturday......kak hawa-kak duni -kak gee class start around 11.00 after i finish my duty...can or not!!!!!!!!!!!
please....
tq. sincerely
Norain G74489
Every Friday, 8-12.
So maybe and insyaallah this saturday we can discuss about the class ok.
to group 5 dont forget this saturday......kak hawa-kak duni -kak gee class start around 11.00 after i finish my duty...can or not!!!!!!!!!!!
please....
tq. sincerely
Norain G74489
TEST 2008
to all my fren....
2008 test
Don't cheat, If y ou are honest, this tells the truth. It's pretty good. Write your answers on a
piece of paper, and NO cheating!! The answers are at the bottom. 1. Which is your favorite color out of: red , black , blue , green , or yellow ? 2. Your first initial? 3. Your month of birth? 4. Which color do you like more, black or white? 5. Name of a person of the same sex as yours. 6. Your favorite number? 7. Do you like Flying or Driving more? 8. Do you like a lake or the ocean more? 9. Write down a wish (a realistic one). When you're done, scroll down. (Don't cheat!)
Answers 1. If you choose: Red - You are alert and your life is full of love. Black - You are conservative and aggressive. Green - Your soul is relaxed and you are laid back. Blue - You are spontaneous and love kisses and affection from the ones you love. Yellow - You are a very happy person and give good advice to those who are down. 2. If your initial is: A-K You have a lot of love and friendships in your life. L -R You try to enjoy your life to the maximum &your love life is soon to blossom. S-Z You like to help others and your future love life looks very good. 3. If you were born in: Jan-Mar: The year will go very well for you and you will discover that you fall in love with someone totally unexpected. April-June: You will have a strong love relationship that will not last long but the memories will last forever. July-Sep: You will have a great year and will experience a major life-changing experience for the good. Oct-Dec: Your love life will not be great, but eventually you will find your soul mate. 4. If you chose: Black: Your life will take on a different direction, it will seem hard at the time but will be the best thing for you, and you will b e glad for the change. White: You will have a friend who completely confides in you and would do anything for you, but you may not realize it. 5. This person is your best friend. 6. This is how many close friends you have in your lifetime. 7. If you chose: Flying : You like adventure. Driving: You are a laid back person. 8.. If you chose: Lake : You are loyal to your friends and your lover and are very reserved. Ocean: You are spontaneous and like to please people. 9. This wish will come true only if you send this to five people in one hour. Send it to ten people, and it will come true before your next birthday
all my friend try to answer the question honestly....
Norain G74489
2008 test
Don't cheat, If y ou are honest, this tells the truth. It's pretty good. Write your answers on a
piece of paper, and NO cheating!! The answers are at the bottom. 1. Which is your favorite color out of: red , black , blue , green , or yellow ? 2. Your first initial? 3. Your month of birth? 4. Which color do you like more, black or white? 5. Name of a person of the same sex as yours. 6. Your favorite number? 7. Do you like Flying or Driving more? 8. Do you like a lake or the ocean more? 9. Write down a wish (a realistic one). When you're done, scroll down. (Don't cheat!)
Answers 1. If you choose: Red - You are alert and your life is full of love. Black - You are conservative and aggressive. Green - Your soul is relaxed and you are laid back. Blue - You are spontaneous and love kisses and affection from the ones you love. Yellow - You are a very happy person and give good advice to those who are down. 2. If your initial is: A-K You have a lot of love and friendships in your life. L -R You try to enjoy your life to the maximum &your love life is soon to blossom. S-Z You like to help others and your future love life looks very good. 3. If you were born in: Jan-Mar: The year will go very well for you and you will discover that you fall in love with someone totally unexpected. April-June: You will have a strong love relationship that will not last long but the memories will last forever. July-Sep: You will have a great year and will experience a major life-changing experience for the good. Oct-Dec: Your love life will not be great, but eventually you will find your soul mate. 4. If you chose: Black: Your life will take on a different direction, it will seem hard at the time but will be the best thing for you, and you will b e glad for the change. White: You will have a friend who completely confides in you and would do anything for you, but you may not realize it. 5. This person is your best friend. 6. This is how many close friends you have in your lifetime. 7. If you chose: Flying : You like adventure. Driving: You are a laid back person. 8.. If you chose: Lake : You are loyal to your friends and your lover and are very reserved. Ocean: You are spontaneous and like to please people. 9. This wish will come true only if you send this to five people in one hour. Send it to ten people, and it will come true before your next birthday
all my friend try to answer the question honestly....
Norain G74489
JOINT THE CLASS
assalamualaikum....
All my friend, regarding the class k.mas inform us, anyone interested or want join the class?
If anyone want join the class k.mas at campus KL please inform because i want join the class to.
Now i want find 'geng' for join the class k.mas.
I hope you all can reaply back.
from
aduni
G74461
All my friend, regarding the class k.mas inform us, anyone interested or want join the class?
If anyone want join the class k.mas at campus KL please inform because i want join the class to.
Now i want find 'geng' for join the class k.mas.
I hope you all can reaply back.
from
aduni
G74461
GIFT
The best gifts to give,
To your friend....
LOYALTY
To your enemy...
FORGIVENESS
To your boss......
SERVICE
To your child....
A GOOD EXAMPLE
To your parents....
GRATITUDE AND DEVOTION
To your mate.....
LOVE AND FAITHFULNESS
To all men and women....
LOVE
To God....
YOUR LIFE
"HAVE A BLESSED DAY ! "
To your friend....
LOYALTY
To your enemy...
FORGIVENESS
To your boss......
SERVICE
To your child....
A GOOD EXAMPLE
To your parents....
GRATITUDE AND DEVOTION
To your mate.....
LOVE AND FAITHFULNESS
To all men and women....
LOVE
To God....
YOUR LIFE
"HAVE A BLESSED DAY ! "
Tuesday, February 12, 2008
ASSALAMUALAIKUM ....AND HI EVERYBODY, ESPECIALLY CIK MAS.....HOW'S YOUR LIFE TODAY?
HMMMM....IT'S LONG TIME I'M NOT BEEN HERE....SO WHAT'S GOING ON MY FRIENDS? ANYTHING SPECIAL OR INTERESTING TO TALK ABOUT? I GUESS ALL OF YOU ARE BUZY TO DO LOTS OF ASSSIGNMENT....ESPECIALLY STATISTIC AND TOXICOLOGY...........BUT WHAT CAN WE DO? ASSIGNMENT IS STILL ASSIGNMENT.......AND STUDENTS CANNOT LEAVE WITHOUT ASSIGNMENTS, TUTORIALS, KUIZ AND EXAMS....BY THE WAY, DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY BUT DON'T BE STUPID..HEHEHE...DON'T TAKE IT EASY.......HOPEFULLY WE CAN FINISH OUR DEGREE WITH FLYING COLOURS........
OK MY FRIENDS....SORRY IF MY GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE IS NOT GOOD....I'M STILL LEARNING TO IMPROVE IT.........
OK ..SEE YOU AGAIN.......BYE.........WASSALAM.........
HMMMM....IT'S LONG TIME I'M NOT BEEN HERE....SO WHAT'S GOING ON MY FRIENDS? ANYTHING SPECIAL OR INTERESTING TO TALK ABOUT? I GUESS ALL OF YOU ARE BUZY TO DO LOTS OF ASSSIGNMENT....ESPECIALLY STATISTIC AND TOXICOLOGY...........BUT WHAT CAN WE DO? ASSIGNMENT IS STILL ASSIGNMENT.......AND STUDENTS CANNOT LEAVE WITHOUT ASSIGNMENTS, TUTORIALS, KUIZ AND EXAMS....BY THE WAY, DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY BUT DON'T BE STUPID..HEHEHE...DON'T TAKE IT EASY.......HOPEFULLY WE CAN FINISH OUR DEGREE WITH FLYING COLOURS........
OK MY FRIENDS....SORRY IF MY GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE IS NOT GOOD....I'M STILL LEARNING TO IMPROVE IT.........
OK ..SEE YOU AGAIN.......BYE.........WASSALAM.........
People have held differing opinions with regard to the meaning of sincere devotion
[ikhlas]. For instance, it was al-Hasan [al-Basri] (may Allah bestow His mercy upon
him) who said:
"I asked Hudhaifa (may Allah be well pleased with him): 'What is meant by sincere
devotion [ikhlas]?' He replied: 'I once asked the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him
peace): "What is meant by sincere devotion [ikhlas]?" He replied (Allah bless him and
give him peace):
"'I once asked Gabriel (peace be upon him): "What is meant by sincere devotion
[ikhlas]?" He replied: "I once asked the Lord of Might and Glory [Rabb al-'Izza]
(Majestic and Exalted is He): 'What is meant by sincere devotion [ikhlas]?' So He told
me (Glory be to Him and Exalted is He): 'It is a secret, a part of My secret knowledge
[sirr min Sirri], which I entrust to the heart of anyone I love among My servants."
[ikhlas]. For instance, it was al-Hasan [al-Basri] (may Allah bestow His mercy upon
him) who said:
"I asked Hudhaifa (may Allah be well pleased with him): 'What is meant by sincere
devotion [ikhlas]?' He replied: 'I once asked the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him
peace): "What is meant by sincere devotion [ikhlas]?" He replied (Allah bless him and
give him peace):
"'I once asked Gabriel (peace be upon him): "What is meant by sincere devotion
[ikhlas]?" He replied: "I once asked the Lord of Might and Glory [Rabb al-'Izza]
(Majestic and Exalted is He): 'What is meant by sincere devotion [ikhlas]?' So He told
me (Glory be to Him and Exalted is He): 'It is a secret, a part of My secret knowledge
[sirr min Sirri], which I entrust to the heart of anyone I love among My servants."
Flood-related diseases
Floods in Malaysia are regular natural disasters in Malaysia which happen nearly every year during the monsoon season.Most flood that occurs are a natural result of cyclical monsoons during the local tropical wet season that are characterized by heavy and regular rainfall from roughly October to March.Inadequate drainage in many urban areas also enhance the effect of heavy rain.Floods in Southern Johor was believed due to recent Global Warming effect.
However, the public health impact of floods also includes damage or destruction to homes and displacement of the occupants that may, in turn, facilitate the spread of some infectious diseases because of crowded living conditions and compromised personal hygiene. Stress-related mental health or substance-abuse problems may be associated with flood disasters. The occurrence of injuries may increase during the clean-up phase of a disaster.
The multiple environmental consequences of flooding can directly affect the public's health. For example, water sources can become contaminated with fecal material or toxic chemicals, water or sewer systems can be disrupted, dangerous substances can be released (e.g., propane from damaged storage tanks), and solid-waste collection and disposal can be disrupted. In addition, flooding can result in vector-associated problems, including increases in mosquito populations that, under certain circumstances, increase the risk for some mosquitoborne infectious diseases (e.g., viral encephalitis)
Floods and other natural disasters often are followed by rumors of epidemics (e.g., typhoid, cholera, or rabies) or unusual conditions such as increased snake or dog bites.
Leptospirosis was part of the expected clinical conditions associated with flooding. Leptospirosis has a wide range of symptoms that can mimic other diseases. Symptoms of leptospirosis include high fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and vomiting, and may include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or a rash. If the disease is not treated, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the patient could develop kidney damage, meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord), liver failure, or respiratory distress. In rare cases death occurs.
Leptospirosis has been suspected as the cause of death.Treatment doxycycline prophylactic programme began that day. It included providing a single treatment with 200 mg doxycycline to all persons above eight years old, excepting pregnant women.
Planning for floods enables communities to respond effectively to possible threats to health.
Purification of drinking and cooking water.
Disinfection of wells.
Food safety (i.e., handling of food that may have come in contact with flood water or of refrigerated food after the interruption of electrical power.
Sanitation and personal hygiene.
Injury-prevention measures to be taken during the return to and cleaning up of flooded homes.
Communicable diseases and vaccinations.
Mosquito control.
Other hazards such as animals, chemicals, and swift-flowing water.
Most of the flood-related illnesses and injuries were not critical and education about injury prevention such as wearing of shoes and clothes in the submerged area might lower the incidence of accidents. Even simple lacerated wounds should be irrigated and debrided thoroughly and left for delayed closure with tetanus immunization. Although of low incidence, psychological health support also is needed.
Yatim
G74480
However, the public health impact of floods also includes damage or destruction to homes and displacement of the occupants that may, in turn, facilitate the spread of some infectious diseases because of crowded living conditions and compromised personal hygiene. Stress-related mental health or substance-abuse problems may be associated with flood disasters. The occurrence of injuries may increase during the clean-up phase of a disaster.
The multiple environmental consequences of flooding can directly affect the public's health. For example, water sources can become contaminated with fecal material or toxic chemicals, water or sewer systems can be disrupted, dangerous substances can be released (e.g., propane from damaged storage tanks), and solid-waste collection and disposal can be disrupted. In addition, flooding can result in vector-associated problems, including increases in mosquito populations that, under certain circumstances, increase the risk for some mosquitoborne infectious diseases (e.g., viral encephalitis)
Floods and other natural disasters often are followed by rumors of epidemics (e.g., typhoid, cholera, or rabies) or unusual conditions such as increased snake or dog bites.
Leptospirosis was part of the expected clinical conditions associated with flooding. Leptospirosis has a wide range of symptoms that can mimic other diseases. Symptoms of leptospirosis include high fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and vomiting, and may include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or a rash. If the disease is not treated, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the patient could develop kidney damage, meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord), liver failure, or respiratory distress. In rare cases death occurs.
Leptospirosis has been suspected as the cause of death.Treatment doxycycline prophylactic programme began that day. It included providing a single treatment with 200 mg doxycycline to all persons above eight years old, excepting pregnant women.
Planning for floods enables communities to respond effectively to possible threats to health.
Purification of drinking and cooking water.
Disinfection of wells.
Food safety (i.e., handling of food that may have come in contact with flood water or of refrigerated food after the interruption of electrical power.
Sanitation and personal hygiene.
Injury-prevention measures to be taken during the return to and cleaning up of flooded homes.
Communicable diseases and vaccinations.
Mosquito control.
Other hazards such as animals, chemicals, and swift-flowing water.
Most of the flood-related illnesses and injuries were not critical and education about injury prevention such as wearing of shoes and clothes in the submerged area might lower the incidence of accidents. Even simple lacerated wounds should be irrigated and debrided thoroughly and left for delayed closure with tetanus immunization. Although of low incidence, psychological health support also is needed.
Yatim
G74480
hi..
my dearest friends...
what's up everbody....
kaka Hawa & the gang very active using this blog..
Thanks alot for updating us with new information anyways...
:)
what's up everbody....
kaka Hawa & the gang very active using this blog..
Thanks alot for updating us with new information anyways...
:)
hai every body...
to kak yani , kak gee, kak hawa and kak aduni,,,, tq to give me info about the toxicology assignment....
insyallah we can discuss about that when we meet this saturday...
i hope all my fren can hapi to do the assignment also...
a lot of assignment betul tak .....
ok we try our best......
to kak ani when u want take resit muet from me....
tq..
Norain G74489
long holiday
hai... assalmualaikum kawan2 uuuuhh.. today just start work back and can cit cat with your all againt.
Assingment not finish yet cannot 'lega' yet....
just to to say hi.. to all my friend and HAPPY DOING ASSINGMENT.
ok bye from now
Aduni
G74461
Assingment not finish yet cannot 'lega' yet....
just to to say hi.. to all my friend and HAPPY DOING ASSINGMENT.
ok bye from now
Aduni
G74461
hi
Assalamualaikum n good morning to all my frens
I tried to help Ain to upload this website about our beloved lecturer Prof.Madya Dr.Ahmad Rohi Ghazali.I hope everyone can notice about his new title.Congratulation !
http://ewarga4.ukm.my/ewarga/pdf/022008/04-06.pdf
Tq..c u next time.
I tried to help Ain to upload this website about our beloved lecturer Prof.Madya Dr.Ahmad Rohi Ghazali.I hope everyone can notice about his new title.Congratulation !
http://ewarga4.ukm.my/ewarga/pdf/022008/04-06.pdf
Tq..c u next time.
Toxicology Assignment
Assalamualaikum n salam sejahtera
I've just received new info regarding our P/M Dr Rohi's assignment.I hope this is real becoz I've just got it from our frens ( Haikal through Kak Yani n Jee ).Below are the questions, so that everyone can received and review it personally. sorry kak Mas coz I'm using this blog to give info..
I've just received new info regarding our P/M Dr Rohi's assignment.I hope this is real becoz I've just got it from our frens ( Haikal through Kak Yani n Jee ).Below are the questions, so that everyone can received and review it personally. sorry kak Mas coz I'm using this blog to give info..
- PROGRAM EKSEKUTIF SAINS BIOPERUBATAN
SEMESTER II SESI 2007/2008
ASSIGNMENT TOXICOLOGY NNNB3042
ü The assignment should NOT be more than (FIVE) 5 pages (single spacing).
ü Students are encouraged to refer to many references and list them at the end of each assignment.
ü Students are strongly PROHIBITED to plagiarize and ‘copy and paste’ directly from internet.
ü Marks for each assignment would be taken into 30% of final assessment.
ü Students should hand in the assignments TWO weeks before the date of FINAL examination.
________________________________________________________________________
1. Toxicokinetic refers to whatever body does to a toxicant.
i. Explain and justify its importance in toxicology:
a) Bioavailability.
b) Multi Dose Compartment Model.
c) Half-life.
d) Volume of Distribution.
e) Clearance.
ii. Therapeutic index is a comparison of effective versus lethal dose (LD50 / ED50).
a) Explain the above statement and justify margin of safety of a toxicant.
b) Describe Log Dose Response Curve, Probit Analysis and the assumptions made when doing the curve. Briefly state the importance of various parameters and values that could be derived from the curve.
2. Drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) are abundant in cytochrome P450s of the liver. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo(a)pyrene are environmental toxicants when bioactivated are also potent hepatotoxicants.
a) Write short notes on drug metabolizing enzymes and the functions of cytochrome P450s in xenobiotic metabolism.
b) Explain mechanisms of toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene with regards to DME.
c) Describe the source of PAH and discuss the various factors that can influence the balance of detoxification and bioactivation of benzo(a)pyrene.
3. Rachel Carson wrote a book called ‘Silent Spring’, which led her to be hailed as the Mother of Environment.
a) Summarize ‘Silent Spring’ in ways that it caused a major shift in public consciousness about the environment.
b) Describe briefly selective toxicology of pesticide with regards to the impact to environment and risk assessment.
4. Cancer is a multi step process across time, as a long and complex succession of genetic changes. Each change enables precancerous cells to acquire some of the traits that together create the malignant growth of cancer cells.
a) Define oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Mutations in certain genes could lead to malignant transformation of cells but not all mutagens are supposed to be carcinogenic. Explain.
b) By giving TWO (2) examples of genotoxicity testing, justify its concept and relevance for potential cancer risk.
c) Give a brief description of classification of carcinogens and ONE (1) example each with its list of toxicities by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs.
5. A teratogen is an agent that can disturb embryogenesis or the development of the embryo or fetus. Teratogens halt the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation (a birth defect). Classes of teratogens include radiation, maternal infections, chemicals, and drugs such as Thalidomide and Agent Orange.
a) Explain mechanism of toxicity of teratogenesis with regards to embryogenesis.
b) What is Thalidomide and Agent Orange?
c) By giving examples of various radioactive material and radiation, explain their general toxicities and also their advantages to human.
6. Drug development or preclinical development is defined as the process of taking a new chemical lead through the stages necessary to allow it to be tested in human clinical trials. Natural products have also been widely developed as potential drugs due to their low toxicities.
a) Explain drug development with regards to testing used in preclinical development and various phases of clinical drug development.
b) By giving examples, justify man-made products vs natural products with regards to their advantages and disadvantages.
7. Paracetamol (PCM) is an analgesic and antipyretic agent. PCM intoxication can cause liver and kidney failure and in some animals, for example cats, small doses are toxic. Because of the wide availability of paracetamol there is a large potential for overdose and toxicity.
a) Give reasons of liver and kidney are the major target organs for PCM poisoning.
b) Explain its mechanism of toxicity and reason it is very toxic to cats, and also give its risk factors of intoxication.
b) In case of PCM poisoning, explain by giving examples the mechanisms to treat its poisoning.
________________________ALL THE BEST____________________________
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